Characterization of pH-Responsive Hydrogels of Poly(Itaconic acid-g-Ethylene Glycol) Prepared by UV-Initiated Free Radical Polymerization as Biomaterials for Oral Delivery of Bioactive Agents Tania Betancourt , 1 Juan Pardo , 2 Ken Soo , 2 and Nicholas A. Peppas 1, 2, 3, * Potassium hydroxide, absolute ethanol, glacial acetic acid and phosphoric acid (85%) were obtained from POCH (Poland). This technical barrier was recently overcome by the University of New Hampshire and licensed to Itaconix. Itaconic acid is a renewable chemical produced at large commercial scale by fermentation of carbohydrates such as corn based dextrose or cane and beat sucrose. 1. ITA is produced from the pyrolysis of citric acid or through the fermentation of carbohydrates forming itaconic acid followed by its dehydration to form the anhydride [3], and SM is derived from renewable plant oils [4–6]. Itaconic acid, a renewable feedstock obtained by fermentation of carbohydrates, is used as a key substrate to produce aliphatic unsaturated polyesters as well as polynorbornenes. Renewable unsaturated polyesters were prepared by direct polycondensation of dimethyl itaconate (DMI) with diols, whereas the ring-opening-metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a DMI derived norbornene led to … Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based fibers remains one of the best materials for making carbon fibers , , .Since PAN homopolymer results in poorer quality of the carbon fibers, it is modified to improve its properties by incorporation of suitable acidic co-monomer like itaconic acid (IA) during polymerization, which has been a subject of study in some previous works , , . Itaconic acid, or methylidenesuccinic acid, is an organic compound.This dicarboxylic acid is a white solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. Yet its polymerization was identified as a key barrier to commercial development. Polymers produced according to the process of the invention are useful as detergent additives, scale inhibitors and removers, sequestrants, yarn sizers, deflocculating agents, de-inking agents, suspending agents and dispersing … Polymers of itaconic acid are formed at high conversion by adding completely neutralized monomer solution and initiator solution to a vessel initially containing water at a temperature sufficient for polymerization. 3.2.1 Chemical structure of itaconic acid during polymerization 48 3.2.2 The effect of citraconic acid on polymerization process of itaconic acid 51 Chapter IV 58 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ITACONIC SUPERABSORBENTS 58 4.1 Commercial superabsorbent 58 4.2 Crosslinked Gel by cation 59

Polymers of itaconic acid are formed at high conversion by an aqueous polymerization process of partially neutralized monomer solution, water, polyvalent metal ion and initiator. Analytical grade choline chloride (ChCl), itaconic acid (IA) and ammonium persulfate (APS) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (USA) and used as received. Itaconic acid, a renewable feedstock obtained by fermentation of carbohydrates, is used as a key substrate to produce aliphatic unsaturated polyesters as well as polynorbornenes. In-situ Polymerization of Maleic Acid and Itaconic Acid on Cotton: MALDI/TOF Mass Spectroscopy and Light-Scattering Study. The literature reports that maleic acid (MA) and itaconic acid (ITA) can copolymerize on cotton fabric in the presence of potassium persulfate, and esterification of cotton by the copolymer imparts wrinkle resistance to the treated cotton fabric. Polycarboxylic acids have been used as crosslinking agents for cellulosic materials to replace traditional formaldehyde-based reagents.

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