Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) 1 Introduction Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) is an invasive, emergent, perennial plant, native to Europe and Asia.

There is a beetle called the purple loosestrife beetle that eats just purple loosestrife. A release at wetlands in Ontario in the 1990s has shown purple loosestrife reductions as high as 90 per cent. The vivid flower spike of purple loosestrife is common in wetlands across the northern United States, but the colorful flowers belie the destructive power of this invasive plant.

The beetles are natural enemies of purple loosestrife and feed primarily on the plant, although they occasionally eat other species of loosestrife. In Ontario, it is the black-margined loosestrife beetle that has been most successful. “It spends its entire life cycle on the purple loosestrife plant, from egg to adult, feeding on the leaves,” said Michalchuk. Similar tactics have been used elsewhere in Canada with success. It grows 4-7 feet tall and produces purple flower spikes from June through September. Chapter 3: Biology of Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Agents..... 20 Basic Insect Biology..... 20 Purple Loosestrife Biological Control Insects ..... 21 Galerucella calmariensis & G. pusilla..... 23 Black-margined loosestrife beetle & Golden loosestrife beetle Purple Loosestrife Galerucella beetle on a purple loosestrife leaf. Purple Loosestrife Purple loosestrife is an attractive perennial that was brought to the United States by the horticultural industry from its native range in Europe and Asia.

The Manitoba Purple Loosestrife Project gratefully acknowledges funding received through Environment Canada's EcoAction 2000 fund, Ducks Unlimited, the City of Winnipeg, Urban Green Team, Murphy Foundation, Manitoba Hydro, Sustainable Development Innovations Fund and Manitoba Conservation.

This invasive plant can form dense monotypic stands in a variety of wetland and lakeshore habitats replacing native plant species, thus degrading food, shelter and nesting sites for wildlife. It thrives in sunny wetlands and moist soil. Purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., is an exotic perennial plant of European origin that is invading and degrading wetland habitats all across North America. Photo by R. Casagrande. It was brought to North America in the early 1800s through a number of pathways including In the year following the release, beetle presence and their damage to the plants was evident where the releases had taken place. Purple loosestrife is a weed species in wetlands over much of temperate North America, and the aim of the introduction program of G. calmariensis and G. pusilla is to locate the releases so that these beetles will be able to easily colonize and spread. This biological control of purple loosestrife can reduce populations by up to 90 per cent and allow native plants to re-establish.

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